Unintended Consequences of Prohibition - 1537 Words

â€Å"The law of unintended consequences is what happens when a simple system tries to regulate a complex system. The political system is simple; it operates with limited information (rational ignorance), short time horizons, low feedback, and poor and misaligned incentives. Society in contrast is a complex, evolving, high-feedback, incentive-driven system. When a simple system tries to regulate a complex system you often get unintended consequences.† (1) Before the prohibition of alcohol existed in the United States people freely drank alcohol, mainly beer, some responsibly and some irresponsibly. The government was able to collect quite a substantial amount of tax revenue for the manufacture, transportation, sales, and consumption of†¦show more content†¦Ã¢â‚¬Å"Total federal expenditures on penal institutions increased more than 1,000 percent between 1915 and 1932.† (2) Because of the excessive amount of drug related inmates prisons are also overcrowded. Th e increased cost of law enforcement to combat the smuggling and bootlegging of alcohol, and other alcohol or organized crime related shenanigans was also a tax burden. This was a double negative considering the lost tax revenue from the sales of alcohol and establishments that served alcohol due to prohibition. The court system was also constantly clogged with alcohol related crimes, which takes resources away from more serious crimes. When people can’t have something they tend to amp up the power when they are able to get it. People began drinking harder alcohol and largely gave up on beer when prohibition happened, people figure they have to get more bang for their buck or make it worth the risk. Not only did people begin drinking more powerful drinks, the drinks became more potent overall, the moonshine that bootleggers were making was much more potent than liquor had been before it was proclaimed illegal. Moonshine to this day is still the most powerful thing you can fi nd to drink. Sometimes the people making the illegal liquor didn’t know what they were doing and the substance could sometimes beShow MoreRelatedProhibition, A Film By Ken Burns1050 Words   |  5 PagesAbate Hlth 30 September 30, 2017 Prohibition, A film by Ken Burns – Part 2 Point 1 - Low consensus on an issue (or a law like Prohibition) means ‘enforcement is going to be difficult. To enforce an unpopular law – significant ‘resources need to be committed to the enforcement effort (e.g., regulation surveillance, violation arrests, court enforcement, etc.) How did this play itself out in the case of Alcohol Prohibition? It might be said regarding prohibition that much of America was in favorRead MoreIdentification And Evaluation Of Sources1315 Words   |  6 Pageswill explore the question: What were the causes that lead to Prohibition s failure in the United States? This investigation will follow the years 1893 through 1933 to analyze the reasons for Prohibition s failure as well as a shift away from Prohibition. The Prohibition era in the United States is most notably remembered for its inability to sober up the nation. According to Mark Thornton, a historian from Cato Institute, prohibition had some initial success but ultimately led to an increaseRead MoreNo Prohibitions, No Problem? Essay1199 Words   |  5 Pagesratification, the Eighteenth Amendment was repealed in December of 1933 when the Twenty First Amendment was ratified. In the short time Prohibition was a national law, the United States underwent a profound transformation. Most people in favor of Prohibition believed that passing the Eighteenth Amendment and laws like it would boost several flailing industries. Prohibition caused many industries to decline, showed the deep seeded corruption of government officials and law enforcement, and generated a crimeRead MoreImpact of Prohibition in The Great Gatsby1678 Words   |  7 Pageschange in America in many different areas. The changes were in the laws, the lifestyle of women es pecially and the moral values that they lived by. One of the major events that sculpted this era was prohibition. In The Great Gatsby, F. Scott Fitzgerald explores the life of crime associated with prohibition causing the enormous transformation of Jay Gatz to Jay Gatsby, and also causing a tremendous change in America. During the 1920’s many different people had problems with dinking, and it was a veryRead MoreThe Balloon Effect : A Metaphor That Compares Traditional Drug Prohibition1567 Words   |  7 Pagesa metaphor that compares traditional drug prohibition, interdiction, and eradication tactics as the equivalent of trying to squash a balloon without adequate force. Rather than succumb to the weight of the effort, the balloon will simply squash into other directions outside of the location where direct force is being applied. The fact that the drug market in the United States remains robust regardless of various domestic and international drug prohibition, interdiction, and eradication policies andRead MoreThe Negative Effects Of Prohibition1048 Words   |  5 Pagesgovernment became an institution that could also regulate morals. Though created with good intentions, Prohibition rather had an adverse effect and led to both economic and moral disaster. Due to governmental expansion and growth into spheres not intended in its original design, government harmed America socially and economically, and expanded the facets into which government could have power. Prohibition was enforced for economic reasons in 1917 by Woodrow Wilson as a method to save grain as America enteredRead MoreThe Inintended Consequences of Alcohol Prohibition in The Unite States in the 1920s1680 Words   |  7 Pages(114 words) What were the unintended consequences of alcohol prohibition in the United States in the 1920’s? In this investigation, the focus will be on the time frame 1920 to 1933, from when the 18th amendment was passed to when alcohol prohibition was repealed. The pros and cons of national prohibition of alcohol in the aspects of health, financial, and social results will be weighed. This will be done through the interpretation of statistics from before and after prohibition, insights of those whoRead MoreProhibition and the War on Drugs904 Words   |  4 Pagesconsumption of illicit and harmful substances, even shown in modern domestic policies. Yet with much effort, positive results was not usually yielded. Apart from the outcomes, prohibition has made a large impact on daily life. In the United States, prohibition of alcohol and opium was a visible and controversial debate. The prohibition of alcohol and criminalization of opium were very different but still had some similarities s uch as the events that happened, its immediate reaction, and the lasting significanceRead MoreProhibition : A Film By Ken Burns1771 Words   |  8 PagesRobert Abate HLTH 30 9/14/2017 Prohibition – A film by Ken Burns Point 1 - How did the film impact your own understanding? I was in a general sense aware of the Volstead Act and prohibition prior to viewing the film, its inception, the impact on society, why prohibition ultimately backfired and gave us an era of speakeasies and gangsters, and to its ultimate failure as an act that promised that â€Å"The slums will soonRead MoreMinimum Legal Drinking Age ( Tietjen )1700 Words   |  7 Pagesperson can join the military and fight for their country before they turn 21, why can’t they legally drink alcohol at that age as well. Before Prohibition in the 1920’s, there was no law dictating a minimum legal drinking age, each state could decide its own drinking age, however, most states didn’t enforce a minimum drinking age at all. After Prohibition was ended by the ratification of the 21st amendment in 1933, many states set a minimum drinking age of 21, although several states did set their

The Importance Of Motivation On Education And Student...

The importance of motivation in education and student learning. No matter who you are, or your age, there is a desire housed within that seeks motivation, which in turn makes an individual work tirelessly to fulfill or satisfy that desire. Individuals possess the need to feel good about themselves which enhances their confidence in order to flourish. Not only do individuals possess motivation, they also have a desire to learn, but this can only be accomplished if an individual applies themselves and utilizes the instructional strategies learned in the classroom. The end result will exhibit confidence in oneself, a strong sense of value for oneself as well as for others, and the skill set to realize and fulfill goals in order to be successful in a classroom setting as well as in the real world. How student motivation can enhance performance. Motivation can strengthen learning and academic achievement in various ways for students. Students who are motivated are more likely to pay attention in the classroom, comprehend the subject content being introduced, and exhibit the capability to continue to achieve academic proficiency if their first attempts to do so fail. This mindset is utilized to enhance their skills and capabilities in order to meet future challenges without reservations. A student’s approach to future tasks will be determined by the manner in which a student is affected by current tasks and their outcome (Ormrod, 2014). Examples of what a lack ofShow MoreRelatedStudent Engagement Is An Ideal That Should Be Strived For The Classroom Environment1406 Words   |  6 PagesStudent engagement in learning is an ideal that should be strived for, by teachers in the classroom, as it provides reassurance of their effectiveness. A student’s engagement in learning can directly be linked to their motivational levels as motivation express the students desire to learn and progress in their educational studies. 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First of all, before the learning processRead MoreDistance Education Issue And Its Significance. Evidence1034 Words   |  5 PagesDistance Education Issue and Its Significance Evidence suggests that learners’ motivation, beliefs, and attitudes play a critical role in their academic success along with social background and school behaviors. Studies indicate that there is significant rate of drop out in distance education than in on campus studies (Willging Johnson, 2004). Some facts about distance education are about 30-50% students drop out before finishing and about 27.3 % is due to lack of motivation and contactRead MoreReflection On Progressivism1379 Words   |  6 Pagesthe Introduction to Teaching textbook, I learned that my philosophy of education closely correlates with the views of progressivism. My understanding of this philosophy highlights the child as a whole and the importance of active learning that readies students for the world ahead of them. 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First of all, it is important for teachers to create a learning environment where students learn to be intrinsicallyRead Morethe steps of a strategic learning process758 Words   |  4 Pagesï » ¿ The steps of a strategic learning process Benjamin Franklin once said, â€Å"Tell me and I forget. Teach me and I remember. I involve me and I learn†. It shows the importance of learning and education. Knowledge is the only thing in the world that can be forever kept and so we understand the importance of the learning. To achieve learning and/or a desired goal, you must be ready to practice, be motivated, and have proper exposure to every detail of the course content. There is

The Dead Essay Research Paper The DeadGabriel free essay sample

The Dead Essay, Research Paper ? The Dead? Gabriel Conroy? s Awakening James Joyce? s? The Dead? begins at the one-year 1904 Christmas party given by the Misses Morkans, Miss Kate and Miss Julia. This is besides considered a annual reunion. The party consists of many household members and friends many of whom dislike one another, peculiarly Gabriel. It is at the party that we are introduced to Gabriel, and our initial feeling is that he is egoistic and selfish. As the narrative continues, our feelings towards Gabriel evolve as he changes. In the beginning of? The Dead? , Gabriel is self-involved and solipsistic ; nevertheless, he becomes a more caring single following his epiphany. Gabriel is a really ill-mannered and selfish adult male. He arrives tardily to the Christmas Party and so blames lateness on his married woman by stating everyone, ? ? but they forget that my married woman here takes three person hours to dress herself? ? ( 290 ) . We will write a custom essay sample on The Dead Essay Research Paper The DeadGabriel or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page In actuality, they arrive late due to Gabriel? s obstinacy. This adult male does non bask household maps. Possibly he caused their lateness because he does non truly care for his household. By shrugging off people with whom he converses, it shows how much involvement he has in his household, which is practically none at all. Another illustration of Gabriel? s self-involvement is his interaction with Lily. Lily has been the caretaker? s girl for old ages, yet Gabriel does non even cognize how old she is. His inquiring if she goes to school or if she is be aftering to be married supports this. Lily realizes that he is non truly interested in her life and is merely doing conversation. She says to him bitterly, ? ? The work forces that is merely all blandishment and what they can acquire out of you? ? ( 290 ) . Lily? s response embarrasses Gabriel doing his face to blush. To ease his uncomfortableness he gives her a coin claiming it is given to her due to the Christmas spirit and practically runs off from her. A 3rd illustration of Gabriel? s insensitiveness to other people? s feelings is his restlessness at Gretta? s distance from him. Joyce writes that, ? He was trembling now with irritation. Why did she look so abstracted? ? He longed to be maestro of her unusual temper? ( 312 ) . Ga briel is angry ; he is believing passionate ideas and she is non in the temper to prosecute in intercourse. He wants to be the centre of her ideas, but he is non. It is non until Gretta attacks Gabriel, that he asks her if something is incorrect. Her attack is to snog him, which makes him more comfy to comfort her and happen out the root of the job. ? She broke free from him and ran to the bed and, throwing her weaponries across the bed-rail, hid her face. ? ( 313 ) . Joyce? s illustration of her desolation leads into Gabriel? s epiphany. Gabriel is eventually told that his married woman is upset about a adult male from her childhood is Galway named Michael Furey. She believes that Michael Furey died for her. When Furey was badly, he came up to see her and threw crushed rock at her window. She so says, ? ? I implored of him to travel place at one time and told him he would acquire his decease in the rain. But he said he did non desire to populate # 8230 ; ? ? ( 314 ) . While Gretta starts to shout about this, Gabriel takes her manus to seek to comfort her and so looks out the window. Upon looking out the window, he starts to set himself in he r place and recognize how atrocious it is to hold lived with a secret about a adult male she genuinely cared approximately. He starts to experience her hurting and this is the beginning of his sudden epiphany. Another illustration of Gabriel? s waking up is traveling to a different country in Ireland. He is traveling to make this for his married woman, instead than himself. In the beginning of Joyce? s short narrative, Miss Ivors had told Gabriel that he should travel to? West Briton? , and yet Gabriel wants to travel to another state because of his hatred for Ireland ( 297 ) . When he realizes that his married woman wants to remain in Ireland for Gretta? s saneness, he sacrifices something for her. Despite his hatred for Ireland, he stays in the state to delight his married woman. 1. Joyce, James. ? The Dead. ? Literature: The Evolving Canon. Second edition. Sven P. Birkerts. Needham Heights, Mass. : A Simon and Schuster Company, 1996. 289- 316. 2. Litz, Walton A. ? On Joyce? s? The Dead? . ? In Birkerts. 520-523. 3. Loomis Jr. , C. C.. ? Structure and Sympathy in? The Dead? . ? In Birkerts. 523-527 317

World Trade and International Finance Essay Example Essay Example

World Trade and International Finance Essay Example Paper World Trade and International Finance Essay Introduction Investment portfolios are generally determined by two general factors: country risk and political risk. Country risk refers to the likelihood that changes in the macro environment adversely affecting the operating profits or the value of assets (domestic and foreign) in a specific country. There are three key phrases in the definition that are of importance to any risk analysis. First, only changes in the macro environment (economic environment) are perceived as significant variables in assessing country risk. Second, it is assume that country risk is probabilistic in nature. One can assume that the methods used in evaluating country risk are statistical in orientation. And third, it is assumed that the higher is the country risk, the higher is the chance for the operating profits or the value of assets to be adversely affected.There are several indicators of country risk. Here are as follows: 1) monetary controls used by central banks, 2) fiscal policies implemented by governments, 3) exchange rate conditions (whether a currency is protective, floating, or semi-floating), 4) level of tariffs or subsidies, 5) marginal domestic propensity to invest, 6) credit ratings, and 6) political risk. For simplicity purposes, the last indicator of country risk will be discussed in the next paragraphs. It is assumed that the higher the monetary controls of central banks, the lower is the probability that assets (foreign and domestic) will lose significant value. Monetary controls stabilize the value of assets in a given period of time. Because liquid assets are susceptible to changes in international money markets, central banks can issue ‘assurance’ bills that will guarantee the face value of such assets. However, monetary controls must not be overtly protective.Higher monetary controls mean lower returns for liquid assets. Fiscal policies pursued by governments also determine the level of country risk. High government spending drives aggregate demand upwards, increasing incentives to invest. However, the optimal level of spending must be carefully assessed. Excessive spending leads to high inflation and unemployment rates. Exchange rate conditions are also an important factor in evaluating country risk. A general depreciation of a currency is a signal for firms to shift their supply schedules to exportable goods. For foreign firms, it is also a signal to shift their production schedules to domestic goods (theoretical). In secondary markets, a depreciation of a currency relative to another currency leads to lower returns for foreign assets.An appreciation results to an increased demand for foreign currency. Depreciation, appreciation, and devaluation have significant bearing on the value (returns) of assets. The level of tariffs and subsidies are also important in evaluating country risk. A higher marginal domestic propensity to invest is an indication that a particular country has a rising economic growth (translated into real terms). A lower marginal domestic propensity to invest is an indication of low aggregate output. Translated into risk, a country with low aggregate economic output is relatively risky for foreign investment. Credit rating is another important indicator of country risk. A country with good credit ratings is a good avenue for increased foreign investment. A country with ‘bad’ credit ratings is relatively a risky avenue for investment (domestic and foreign). However, it is noteworthy that the level of risk associated with credit ratings is never a sufficient determinant in assessing the value of assets. For example, it is possible for an asset to increase steadily even if the reference country has ‘bad’ credit ratings. Value of assets is generally determined by the level of clearing in the secondary market, type of monetary controls used in an economy, and guarantees used by the issuing firm/individual.Health risk is a general indicator used by the United Nations (and its agencies) in assessing the health status of a particular country. Some of the factors assessed are as follows: 1) susceptibility to common ailments and diseases, 2) diet, 3) nutritional deficiencies, 4) consumption patterns, and 5) work-related illness. A country where a significant portion of its population exposed to common diseases has high health risk. The same goes with nutritional deficiencies. Third World countries have the highest levels of nutritional deficiencies, covering about 40% of its total population. Consumption patterns are difficult to assess because of subjectivity. However, it is a generally accepted rule that countries which approximate the consumption patterns of Western countries have low health risk. A country with high incidence of work-related illness has high health risk. However, such proposition should be structurally viewed. High income countries have different health risk patterns (with regard to work-related illness) than developing countries. It is possible for high income countries to have high incidence of work-related illness.Political risk is one of the most popular indicators used in assessing country risk. This type of risk refers to the complications businesses, individual investors, and governments face as a result of political decisions (public decisions). In technical terms, it is a type of risk related to political instability and government inefficiency in implementing economic reforms. Here, delineation between political risk and country risk must be established. Some books assume that the two concepts are synonymous. However, when viewed from the point of view of individual firms, there is a contrasting significance. Firms usually distinguish risks into two forms: economic risks and political risks. Political risk therefore would be limited to actions undertaken by governments, associated ideology of public governance, and the level of political instability. Country risk is measured by macro and global econom ic variables.Like country risk, political risk is probabilistic in nature. It is measured by variables (although some variables may be qualitative in orientation). The degree of prediction depends mainly on the depth of the analysis used in evaluating political risk and its relation to accepted theoretical propositions. For example, it is assume that a low level of political risk is not necessarily correlated to a high degree of political freedom. There are some states that are authoritarian but are stable (less political risk). Countries in Western Europe which have high degrees of political freedom are also politically stable. To further illustrate this case, there is a need to analyze the experiences of North and South Korea, Taiwan, and China.With the end of the Second World War, China erupted into a civil war. Nationalist were driven from the mainland. They established their seat of government in Taiwan. China became a Communist country. Mao directed the so-called ‘great leap forward’, an economic revolution designed to transform China into an industrial power. His policy, however, failed (as was the Cultural Revolution). With his death in 1976, Deng Xiaoping assumed the position as secretary-general of the CCP. He declared, â€Å"To get rich is glorious.† He initiated economic reforms that increased foreign investments in the country. Industries were also streamlined to meet world market demands.Finance analysts from World Bank and IMF classified China as a less politically risky country; that is, it was desirable for foreigners to invest in the country (Xiaoping even initiated a supra restructuring of the legal system to suit his economic policies. The same can be said about China. To prevent Communism from spreading in Taiwan, Chiang Kai-shek (former Chinese president and leader of the Nationalists) initiated a powerful land reform program. He destroyed the power of the landlords and introduced economic measures to increase foreign investments into the country. For the next 30 years, the country did not experience any major political turmoil. No political group could overthrow or at least effectively oppose the policies of the Nationalist Party (Kuomintang). Taiwan was then classified as a less politically risky country by international finance agencies. After the Korean War, the government of South Korea implemented economic reforms that increase national aggregate output. Since that time, economic growth of South Korea increased steadily. Politically, it was stable. International finance agencies put South Korea in the list of less politically risky countries.There are several things that one can learn from the experiences of the above-mentioned countries. First, political stability is related to economic growth. Once a country attains political stability, economic growth soon follows. Second, economic growth leads to increased foreign investment (because of low political risks). Improvement in the market in frastructure of a country coupled with a stable and efficient government is one of the determinants of low political risk. And lastly, political instability is an antithesis of economic development (economic development encompasses economic growth because it assumes the totality of the economic efficiency of the domestic market). Revolution, riots, and civil wars (which characterized the above-mentioned countries in the past) lead to poor economic performance.The World Bank and its agencies may succeed in their efforts to improve the investment climate in Third World countries. First, because Third World countries not very susceptible to the effects of the global financial crisis, loans provided by the International Monetary Fund are usually invested in long-term economic projects. Even if FDI from developed countries decline, the ratio improvement per capital may actually increase. And, second, Third World countries today are beginning to become less and less dependent on developed countries for FDI. This can be illustrated by the so-called ‘regional areas.’ Members of ASEAN which mostly are Third World countries are heavily involved in capital exchanges. These capital exchanges are designed to foster capital mobility among member countries in order to lessen dependence on FDI from developed countries. The significant growth of the capital infrastructure of Indonesia was the result of capital inflows from Malaysia, the Philippines, and India. Note here that the creation of ‘regional areas’ was a move initiated by the United Nations as a move to improve the investment climate in Third World countries. World Trade and International Finance Essay Thank you for reading this Sample!